Land Surveyor in Training (LSIT) Practice Exam

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• How is the Grid-Magnetic angle typically depicted on a map?
• A map projection that preserves angles locally but distorts other properties is known as?
• Robotic Total Stations enable what capability compared to conventional total stations?
• Field Run Topographic Survey is the appropriate survey when which features are needed?
• Fast-static surveys differ from traditional static surveys primarily in what aspect?
• Astronomic azimuth is based on which reference?
• A level surface is defined as which?
• Which statement about Cylindrical Equal-Area projections is true?
• To meet 2nd Order specifications, which leveling staff specifications are required?
• Which description best defines a route survey in land surveying?
• Simple three parameter conversions between latitude, longitude, and height in different datums can be accomplished by conversion through Earth-Centered, Earth Fixed XYZ Cartesian coordinates in one reference datum and three origin offsets that approximate differences in rotation, translation and scale.
• What is the minimum accuracy class/order for all level work?
• A GPS signal travel time from the receiver to the satellite is 67 milliseconds. Using a speed of light in the atmosphere of 186,000 miles per second, what is the approximate distance?
• Gravity anomalies only occur when which of the following Earth contrasts are impacted?
• If ellipsoid height h and geoid height N are known, how is orthometric height H computed?
• Which of the following are land surveying datum types?
• What characterizes a raw data file in surveying data management?
• Elevation or Floodplain Survey determines what?
• For vertical/elevation heights, to which datum should the geodetic datum be referenced?
• Which equation defines ellipsoid height h in GPS terms?
• What best describes a turning point (TP) in the leveling process?
• OPUS computes coordinates using which network?
• Differential leveling is the method of measuring which?
• A rhumb line is also known as which term?
• Which statement best describes static GPS surveying?
• Latitude lines measure what?
• What does the raster data model use to represent locations on the earth?
• Which statement about guard stakes is correct?
• What is the approximate speed of light in the atmosphere used in GPS distance calculations?
• What is a rhumb line?
• What does the network positional accuracy of a control point quantify?
• Which of the following is an example of a tidal datum?
• In RTK surveys, how are differential corrections received?
• In differential leveling, which equation correctly expresses Height of Instrument (HI)?
• The Line of Colimation is what?
• Laser scanning in surveying is primarily used to?
• Which of the following are uses of geodesy?
• Vertical datum data are gathered using which methods?
• GPS technology uses which of the following technique(s) to determine location coordinates?
• Which of the following is a primary purpose of the local comprehensive plan?
• What are the two main datums that form the foundation for navigation and transportation in the United States?
• Cadastral Survey is defined as which of the following?
• The system uses a simple Cartesian coordinate system to specify locations. The error is less than:
• Along horizontal and vertical curve alignments, alignment stakes are placed how often?
• Which data model uses points and line segments to identify locations on the earth?
• Which acts laid the basic foundation for land development controls in the United States?
• Real-time kinematic requires a radio frequency link between a base station and the
• The 'epoch date' refers to the date associated with the coordinates of a control station. An epoch date is a necessary part of a complete datum or reference frame name, because coordinates can change with time.
• If HI is 125.60 and FS is 9.20, what is the elevation?
• What is the Height of Instrument (HI) in leveling?
• Which technique shall be utilized to establish elevations on the required project control points?
• Datum conversions are accomplished by various methods. Complete datum conversion is based on seven parameter transformations that include:
• Which statement correctly contrasts raster and vector data models?
• The reported local accuracy is an approximate average of the local accuracy values between this control point and other observed control points used to establish coordinates.
• Which of the following best describes the function of a route survey in practice?
• Which term describes the surface of the oceans that would exist under gravity and rotation alone?
• In leveling, the first observation is to a known point and is termed a backsight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the first observation?
• What is the purpose of combining GNSS with ground-based control monuments and Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in surveying?
• Which of the following is a stated goal of the comprehensive plan?
• What is the primary purpose of an As-Built Survey?
• Error sources for GPS usage are a. Satellite clock b. Ionosphere c. Receiver clock d. Satellite orbit e. Lower atmosphere f. Multipath. Which of the following is NOT listed as an error source?
• Bench mark in surveying refers to which concept?
• State Plane coordinates are always found as:
• Network design aims to maintain a robust statewide control network using high-precision GNSS and geodetic leveling. This network provides the basis for the horizontal and vertical location of what?
• Which statement correctly describes outward and return runs in leveling?
• The Elevation Factor equation EF = R/(R+H+N) implies what about distortion at high elevations?
• What is magnetic declination?
• Which statement best describes the bearing of a line?
• Which of the following is NOT a source of GPS error among common factors?
• What is the projection called when the scale is the same in any direction at a point?
• Which statement best defines a vertical datum?
• A close in leveling is defined as what?
• A level datum is defined as which?
• What force keeps planet earth in its orbit?
• Conical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• The work of the surveyor is divided into which three phases?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a purpose of the comprehensive plan?
• What is the minimum number of NGS First or Second Order benchmarks required to establish the Elevation/Vertical control network?
• On a conformal map, meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at what angle?
• In the simple three-parameter datum conversion method, how many origin offsets are used?
• What data outputs are produced by combining LiDAR and photogrammetry when collected by UAS?
• In the subdivision design/review process, which factor ensures the pedestrian path system links buildings with parking, open space, and facilities?
• What does the Grid Magnetic Angle measure?
• Boundaries of state plane zones usually follow which feature?
• Which statement best describes a Construction Survey?
• Which description defines a turning point (TP) in leveling?
• In geodesy, datums are sets of data. Which of the following statements is true?
• Which activity is a stated focus of the comprehensive plan?
• Laser scanning is particularly advantageous for which BIM-related tasks?
• What is the generally accepted definition of land development?
• A rhumb line is a path with constant bearing as measured relative to which reference?
• Which practice is typical for construction surveys?
• Geodetic datums and the coordinate reference systems were developed to describe geographic positions for:
• Hub stakes are protected by which types of stakes?
• Field record keeping and documentation should include which items?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 1467.4 ft and a geoid separation of -23.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• Why is the exact value of a measured angle or distance never known?
• A reduced level is defined as which?
• In construction staking, survey markers are referred to as what?
• What is the elevation factor value for Earth’s radius R = 20,906,000 ft and local elevation H = 6,320 ft?
• In a static GPS survey, where is the base receiver placed?
• What is the purpose of a witness stake?
• Which statement about GNSS equipment is true?
• What is the geoid?
• Azimuths are defined as what type of angles?
• In the EF example, the local elevation used is?
• Land survey coordinate systems are affected by which of the following?
• There are how many zones in the continental US according to the text?
• To what precision should measurements be rounded according to the guideline?
• FS stands for which leveling term?
• OPUS, NOAA's Online Positioning User Service, provides free access to high-accuracy coordinates. Which organization operates OPUS?
• Which method is used to study the effects of Earth's gravitational field from space-based observations?
• Metes and Bounds description describes which aspect of a property?
• In land surveying, UAS enhance data collection by using sensors that provide high-resolution images or LiDAR, alone or together, enabling what?
• To achieve 2nd Order accuracy, what is the required vertical accuracy specification for 1 km of double-run leveling without a micrometer?
• Which technique is used to establish elevations on project control points?
• With an ellipsoid height for a point derived by GPS of 567.4 ft and a geoid separation of 123.8 ft, what is the orthometric elevation for the point?
• GPS coordinates calculated when satellites are clustered close together in the sky is described as:
• A horizontal line is one that is:
• What is the minimum number of NGS first or second order benchmarks used for vertical control?
• A Total Station combines which functionalities?
• What is a geodetic datum?
• The State Plane Coordinate System (SPS or SPCS) is a set of 124 geographic zones or coordinate systems designed for what?
• Planar projection produces which shape?
• In a conformal map, which property is preserved locally?
• The map projection that distorts scale and distance except along the standard parallel is:
• A Subdivision Plat is best described as which?
• What is a backsight (BS) in differential leveling?
• When is a backsight reading typically taken during leveling?
• Which statement best describes tidal datums?
• Cadastral surveys typically involve which elements?
• Which of the following best describes the seven-parameter datum transformation?
• Which statement about bearing notation is accurate?
• Dilution Of Precision (DOP) is a measure reflecting which factor most directly?
• Positional accuracy for primary horizontal and vertical control shall be reported as which terms?
• The elevation factor EF is defined as EF = R / (R + H + N). In the denominator, which terms are added to R?
• What minimum specifications are required for GNSS receivers in surveying?
• NAD27 and NAD83 are examples of which type of datum?
• Which of the following is a route survey used for alignment of linear features?
• Modern geodetic datums range from:
• OPUS is an example of which surveying approach?
• Meridians are lines joining the poles and are also known as what?
• Land Title refers to which of the following?
• What is the primary purpose of a control survey?
• Which are examples of tidal datums?
• GPS is a system that determines the precise location on Earth through which components?
• In leveling, the last observation is called a foresight. Which of the following is the correct designation for the last observation?
• Which statement about conformal projections is correct?
• Precise leveling is characterized by which statement?
• Which expression correctly defines Elevation Factor?
• How frequently are alignment stakes placed along tangents with uniform grade?
• Horizontal control surveys are established for which type of projects?
• Which category of error in measurements arises from human judgment or bias?
• GNSS is a satellite-based system used to determine which geographic quantities?
• The horizontal datum is used to measure a position on the Earth's surface in coordinate systems such as latitude and longitude. Which statement best reflects this?
• Geoid height N represents which quantity?
• Which of the following describes a rhumb line’s cross-meridian behavior?
• Topographic Survey locates which types of features?
• Which statement best describes horizontal datums?
• The Height of Collimation is defined as what?
• Horizontal control surveys, whenever feasible, are based on which type of observations?
• What does a Quantity Survey primarily measure?
• The local positional accuracy of a control point is a number that represents the uncertainty at the 95% confidence level in coordinates relative to what?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• What is the main goal of field operations and computations?
• Primary project control involves which elements to establish control near and beyond the project site?
• Which components are typically used together to establish project coordinates in GNSS surveying?
• What is the field book used for in surveying?
• Which value is used for Earth’s radius R in the EF calculation example?
• Remote Sensing Control Surveying includes measuring to compute a 3D position for location, orientation, and scale and includes which mapping techniques?
• A run in leveling is defined as what?
• Which file format is commonly associated with vector geographic data?
• Cylindrical projection produces which type of map and distortion pattern?
• Topographic surveys are primarily intended to map which aspects?
• Azimuth values typically vary over what range?
• Floodplain is defined as which?
• Which statement correctly describes the foresight (FS) reading?
• Geodetic datums define the:
• Which map projection is NOT used to transform latitude and longitude into x (Easting) and y (Northing) coordinates?
• Which system provides the geodetic datum for horizontal coordinates in this context?